Differences

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--- peering-toolbox:what-is-peering:what_is_a_network_operator [2022/08/26 14:26] – [Access] philip
+++ peering-toolbox:what-is-peering:what_is_a_network_operator [2023/03/27 17:36] (current) – [Peering] philip
@@ Line 31: / Line 31: @@
 ===== Peering =====
+(UPDATED)
 Peering is the connection of one network operator to another network operator to exchange traffic originated by each network operator.
@@ Line 39: / Line 42: @@
   - [[peering-toolbox/where-to-peer#public_peeringinternet_exchange_point|Public peering]] takes place at a public peering point, commonly known as an [[peering-toolbox/what-is-peering/what_is_an_internet_exchange_point|Internet Exchange Point]].
-Peering is described in more detail in the [[peering-toolbox/what-is-peering/what_is_peering|What is Peering]] page.
+Peering is described in more detail in the [[peering-toolbox/what-is-peering/what_is_peering|What is Peering]] page. To implement peering, a network operator will require knowledge of BGP, the Border Gateway Protocol.
 ===== Transit =====
 Transit is the purchasing of Internet access by a network operator from another network operator (known as their upstream provider).
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 Network Operators strive to minimise the cost of access to the content their end users demand.
-Transit costs money, peering does not (after the initial set-up), which means that network operators strive to peer as much as possible. Transit is considered a last resort, only to be used for low volume content sources or other destinations which cannot be reach by peering.
+Transit costs money, peering does not (after the initial set-up), which means that network operators strive to peer as much as possible. Transit is mandatory for any network operator, but is considered a last resort, only to be used for low volume content sources and other destinations which cannot be reach by peering.
 It is estimated today that around 80% of all traffic for a typical access provider can be obtained by peering. (This is based on observations of real traffic profiles by the author in many parts of the world.) The reason for this is that the majority of the major content providers have presence at many of the IXPs or peering infrastructures around the world. Participating in peering means a considerable cost-saving for every organisation that takes part.
 [[:peering-toolbox/what-is-peering| Back to "Interconnections" page]]