peering-toolbox:physical_connectivity
Differences
This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.
Both sides previous revisionPrevious revisionNext revision | Previous revision | ||
peering-toolbox:physical_connectivity [2022/08/01 14:31] – [Stage One] philip | peering-toolbox:physical_connectivity [2022/08/19 21:01] (current) – [Remote Peering] philip | ||
---|---|---|---|
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{peering-toolbox/ | {{peering-toolbox/ | ||
- | ====== Connectivity to another | + | ====== Connectivity to another |
This section discusses some of the considerations for a newcomer to interconnection and peering. | This section discusses some of the considerations for a newcomer to interconnection and peering. | ||
Line 26: | Line 26: | ||
This router is normally dedicated only for peering connections, | This router is normally dedicated only for peering connections, | ||
- | If this router will be installed at the IXP location, appropriate arrangements need to made to procure it and have it delivered, installed, and configured, to coincide with the delivery and commissioning of the physical link back to the aspiring member' | + | The diagram below shows the peering router in the aspiring member' |
+ | |||
+ | {{: | ||
+ | |||
+ | If this router will be installed at the IXP location | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{: | ||
==== Stage Two ==== | ==== Stage Two ==== | ||
- | Next we need to get to the location where the IXP has been established, | + | Next we need to get to the location |
+ | |||
+ | Whether connecting to a transit provider, private peer, or getting to where the IXP has been established, | ||
+ | |||
+ | These days access is mostly by using fibre optic, which the network operator will arrange with the fibre optic provider. And there are many possibilities here too, depending on the country or region of the world: | ||
* dark fibre (fibre pair for exclusive use for the network operator) | * dark fibre (fibre pair for exclusive use for the network operator) | ||
* a wavelength on DWDM network | * a wavelength on DWDM network | ||
* fibre bundle installed by the network operator themselves | * fibre bundle installed by the network operator themselves | ||
- | Where it is not possible to get fibre access, other methods include point-to-point microwave or 802.11-based links, traditional TDM leased lines, or via a third-party' | + | Where it is not possible to get fibre access, other methods include point-to-point microwave or 802.11-based links, traditional TDM leased lines, or via a third-party' |
==== Stage Three ==== | ==== Stage Three ==== | ||
- | If the new member is providing their own connectivity to the IXP, their next step is getting from the connection media entry point to the IXP switch itself. This is usually done by the building operator (most don't want 3rd parties installing anything inside their premises). The end result is that there will be a fibre or ethernet presentation at or near the IXP switch, usually in a separate patch panel. This usually depends on whether the network operator connecting is going to locate a router at the IXP (usually recommended when the media to get to the IXP location is not fibre optic), or simply connect from their own point of presence directly to the IXP. | + | If the new member is providing their own connectivity to a datacentre for accessing their upstream provider, private peer, or an IXP, their next step is getting from the connection media entry point to the IXP switch itself. This is usually done by the building operator (most don't want 3rd parties installing anything inside their premises). The end result is that there will be a fibre or ethernet presentation at the demarcation |
- | If the new member | + | For an IXP, this will be at or near the IXP switch, usually in a separate patch panel. This usually depends on whether the network operator connecting |
+ | |||
+ | For connecting to upstreams or to private peers, the demarcation | ||
==== Stage Four ==== | ==== Stage Four ==== | ||
- | This assumes the new member will install their own router. For this, agreement with either the IXP or the building operator to locate a router is needed (and involve fees to cover the space, power needs, air-conditioning, | + | This stage only applies for the IXP connection and assumes the new member will install their own router. |
- | If the new member is using a third party' | + | For this, agreement with either |
==== Stage Five ==== | ==== Stage Five ==== | ||
- | The fifth and final stage of connecting to the IXP is plugging the network operator infrastructure into the IXP itself. Most IXP switches today are fibre optics based, with ports supporting 1Gbps or 10Gbps depending on the fibre optic transceiver (SFP) installed. There are two possibilities here: | + | The fifth and final stage of connecting to the IXP is plugging the network operator infrastructure into the IXP itself. Most IXP switches today are fibre optics based, with ports supporting 1Gbps or 10Gbps depending on the fibre optic transceiver (Small Form-factor Pluggable transceiver - SFP) installed. There are two possibilities here: |
- The IXP membership fee includes providing an SFP for the member to connect to the switch. It's more likely for the IXP to have an inventory of SFPs for their particular brand of switch. In this case the new member only has to provide a suitable SFP for their router - or if their router has no fibre port, the IXP has to use an SFP that supports an RJ45 copper connection instead. The IXP will also patch their switch to the member infrastructure (whether it is a single mode fibre optic patch lead, or Cat6 ethernet cable if fibre is not feasible). | - The IXP membership fee includes providing an SFP for the member to connect to the switch. It's more likely for the IXP to have an inventory of SFPs for their particular brand of switch. In this case the new member only has to provide a suitable SFP for their router - or if their router has no fibre port, the IXP has to use an SFP that supports an RJ45 copper connection instead. The IXP will also patch their switch to the member infrastructure (whether it is a single mode fibre optic patch lead, or Cat6 ethernet cable if fibre is not feasible). | ||
- The member has to bring their own SFP to connect to the IXP switch. The IXP operator simply provides the switch, and it is up to the member to procure and provide the SFP and the suitable single mode fibre optic patch lead to get from their installation to the IXP switch. The IXP (or building operator) will still do the install though. | - The member has to bring their own SFP to connect to the IXP switch. The IXP operator simply provides the switch, and it is up to the member to procure and provide the SFP and the suitable single mode fibre optic patch lead to get from their installation to the IXP switch. The IXP (or building operator) will still do the install though. | ||
Line 55: | Line 67: | ||
===== Remote Peering ===== | ===== Remote Peering ===== | ||
- | Connecting to the IXP via Remote Peering | + | Remote Peering means that the network operator connects to the Internet Exchange Point via a layer-2 infrastructure provider who is already physically present there. This avoids the hassles of the network operator having to provision their own physical infrastructure to connect to the IXP. |
+ | |||
+ | Connecting to the IXP via Remote Peering | ||
+ | |||
+ | The considerations are similar if the layer-2 infrastructure provider is used for providing transport to the upstream provider or private peer. | ||
==== Stage One ==== | ==== Stage One ==== | ||
The first step for connecting to an IXP by using a Remote Peering service is to contract with an operator who is already present at the IXP in question to provide the agreed layer-2 capacity to the IXP. | The first step for connecting to an IXP by using a Remote Peering service is to contract with an operator who is already present at the IXP in question to provide the agreed layer-2 capacity to the IXP. | ||
- | Details of what this service and contract should look like are beyond the scope of the Peering Toolbox. However, it is important to ensure that the committed bandwidth from the layer-2 provider will meet the needs of the new member, and that this capacity can be easily upgraded or downgraded on reasonable notice. The last thing any IXP member will want is a congested IXP connection. | + | Details of what this service and contract should look like are beyond the scope of the Peering Toolbox. However, it is important to ensure that the **committed** bandwidth from the layer-2 provider will meet the needs of the new member, and that this capacity can be easily upgraded or downgraded on reasonable notice. The last thing any IXP member will want is a congested IXP connection. |
+ | |||
+ | Note that **shared** bandwidth is never a good idea for a peering (or transit) link as congestion will cause serious problems for what is really meant to be " | ||
==== Stage Two ==== | ==== Stage Two ==== | ||
Line 70: | Line 88: | ||
Once the new member' | Once the new member' | ||
+ | This could look something like this (using Cisco IOS CLI as an example): | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{: | ||
[[: | [[: |
peering-toolbox/physical_connectivity.1659328313.txt.gz · Last modified: 2022/08/01 14:31 by philip